Sins and Punishments

Further to this Handy Guide to Sin and Guilt Offerings, I asked Grok to generate this table of Old testament sins and their corresponding punishments. Now you know what to do! You’re welcome.

Sin / Offense Reference(s) Punishment
Sacrificing children to Molech (child sacrifice) Lev 20:2–5 Stoned to death by the people; God also sets His face against the person (and family/followers if the community fails to act) and cuts them off
Turning to mediums or spiritists Lev 20:6; Lev 19:31 God sets His face against the person and cuts them off from their people
Being a medium or spiritist (man or woman) Lev 20:27 Put to death by stoning; their blood is on their own head
Witchcraft / sorcery, divination, interpreting omens, casting spells, consulting the dead (and related occult practices) Deut 18:10–12; also Exod 22:18 (sorceress) These practices are detestable; the nations are driven out because of them. (Death penalty is applied to practitioners in related texts such as Lev 20:27)
Cursing one’s father or mother Lev 20:9 Put to death; bloodguilt is upon them
Adultery (with a neighbor’s wife) Lev 20:10; Deut 22:22 Both the man and the woman put to death
Sexual relations with father’s wife (incest) Lev 20:11 Both put to death; their blood is on their own heads
Sexual relations with daughter-in-law (incest) Lev 20:12 Both put to death; their blood is on their own heads
Homosexual acts (a man lying with a man as with a woman) Lev 20:13 Both put to death; their blood is on their own heads
Marrying a woman and her mother (incestuous marriage) Lev 20:14 The man and both women burned to death
Bestiality (man with animal) Lev 20:15 Man put to death; the animal also killed
Bestiality (woman with animal) Lev 20:16 Both woman and animal put to death; their blood is on their own heads
Sexual relations with a sister (or half-sister) Lev 20:17 Both cut off / removed from their people; the man bears his guilt
Sexual relations during a woman’s menstrual period Lev 20:18 Both cut off from their people
Sexual relations with an aunt (mother’s or father’s sister) Lev 20:19 Both bear their own guilt / responsibility
Sexual relations with an uncle’s wife Lev 20:20 Both bear their guilt and will die childless
Marrying a brother’s wife (while brother is alive) Lev 20:21 They will be childless
Blasphemy (cursing / uttering the name of the Lord in a curse) Lev 24:10–16 Put to death by stoning by the whole community (applies to native and foreigner alike)
False prophet or dreamer who leads people to follow other gods Deut 13:1–5 Put to death; purge the evil from among you
Enticing others (even close family or friends) to worship other gods Deut 13:6–11 Put to death by stoning (the enticer’s hand first, then the people); show no pity
A whole town turning to idolatry Deut 13:12–18 Investigate thoroughly; if true, destroy the town and its people and livestock by the sword; burn the town as a whole burnt offering; leave it a permanent ruin
Worshiping other gods or the heavenly bodies Deut 17:2–7 Stoned to death (after thorough investigation and on the testimony of two or three witnesses)
Rebellious / stubborn son who will not obey parents (glutton and drunkard) Deut 21:18–21 Parents bring him to the elders; all the men of the town stone him to death; purge the evil from among you
A betrothed virgin who is promiscuous (found not to be a virgin) Deut 22:13–21 Stoned to death at the door of her father’s house
Rape of a betrothed virgin in the city (she did not cry for help) Deut 22:23–24 Both the man and the woman stoned to death
Rape of a betrothed virgin in the countryside Deut 22:25–27 Only the man is put to death (the woman is innocent)
Murder (intentional) Lev 24:17; Deut 19:11–13 Put to death (no ransom or refuge for the intentional murderer)
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Your Handy Guide to Sin and Guilt Offerings

Ever wonder what ruminant/bird you need to sacrifice for your sins and impurities? Well wonder no more. This handy table makes it easy to atone! 

I asked SuperGrok (an AI chatbot) to make me a table of all the sins/impurities in the Old Testament requiring a sacrificial offering. Here’s what it produced. You’re welcome.

Sin/Guilt (or related impurity requiring compensatory offering) Standard Offering Discounted Offering (if available)
Unintentional sin by the anointed (high) priest (brings guilt on the people; Lev 4:3–12) Young bull without defect (sin offering) None specified
Unintentional sin by the whole Israelite community/congregation (Lev 4:13–21) Young bull (sin offering) None specified
Unintentional sin by a leader/ruler (Lev 4:22–26) Male goat without defect (sin offering) None specified
Unintentional sin by a common person (doing what is forbidden in the Lord’s commands; Lev 4:27–35) Female goat without defect, or female lamb without defect (sin offering) (See graduated options under specific cases in Lev 5; not universally restated)
Failing to testify / withhold evidence when one has heard a public charge (Lev 5:1) Female lamb or goat from the flock (sin offering), after confession Two doves or two young pigeons (one sin offering + one burnt); or, if still unable, 1/10 ephah finest flour (no oil/incense) as sin offering
Unwittingly touching ceremonially unclean things (e.g., carcass of unclean animal or creature) and later realizing guilt (Lev 5:2) Female lamb or goat (sin offering), after confession Two doves/pigeons (one sin + one burnt); or 1/10 ephah finest flour (sin offering)
Touching human uncleanness of any kind that makes one unclean, even if initially unaware, then realizing guilt (Lev 5:3) Female lamb or goat (sin offering), after confession Two doves/pigeons (one sin + one burnt); or 1/10 ephah finest flour (sin offering)
Thoughtlessly / rashly taking an oath (to do good or evil) and later realizing guilt (Lev 5:4) Female lamb or goat (sin offering), after confession Two doves/pigeons (one sin + one burnt); or 1/10 ephah finest flour (sin offering)
Unfaithfulness by unintentional sin regarding the Lord’s holy things (Lev 5:14–16) Ram without defect from the flock (guilt offering, of proper value) + full restitution + additional 1/5 to the priest None specified
Sin by doing what is forbidden in any of the Lord’s commands, even without knowing it at the time, then realizing guilt (Lev 5:17–19) Ram without defect (or its equivalent/value) as guilt offering None specified
Sins against a neighbor (deceiving about something entrusted/stolen, cheating, finding lost property and lying about it, swearing falsely about such matters; Lev 6:1–7) Full restitution + additional 1/5 to the owner + ram without defect (of proper value) as guilt offering None specified
General unfaithfulness / wrong against another (with no surviving kinsman to receive restitution; Num 5:5–8) Confession + full restitution + 1/5 (to the priest if no kin) + guilt offering None specified
Sexual relations with a betrothed slave woman (Lev 19:20–22) Ram as guilt offering (after investigation; she is not put to death) None specified
Unintentional sin by the whole community (failing to observe commandments; Num 15:22–26) One young bull as burnt offering (with grain and drink offerings) + one male goat as sin/purification offering None specified
Unintentional sin by an individual (Num 15:27–29) Yearling female goat as sin/purification offering None specified
After childbirth (purification from flow of blood; Lev 12:6–8) Year-old lamb (burnt offering) + young pigeon or dove (sin offering) Two doves or two young pigeons (one burnt + one sin)
Cleansing from a defiling skin disease (after initial rites and waiting period; Lev 14) Two male lambs + one ewe lamb + finest flour mixed with oil + oil (includes guilt offering of one lamb with blood/oil application to ear/thumb/toe, plus sin and burnt offerings) One male lamb (guilt offering) + 1/10 ephah finest flour mixed with oil + log of oil + two doves or two young pigeons (one sin + one burnt), “such as they can afford”
Male or female with certain abnormal bodily discharges (after waiting/washing period; Lev 15:13–15, 28–30) Two doves or two young pigeons (one sin offering + one burnt offering) None further reduced (birds are the prescribed standard)
Nazirite defiled by contact with a dead body (Num 6:9–12) Two turtledoves or two young pigeons (one sin + one burnt) on the 8th day; then a male lamb as guilt offering (and restart the vow period) None specified
Completion of a Nazirite vow (Num 6:13–20) Male lamb (burnt), ewe lamb (sin), ram (peace), plus grain/drink offerings and other items None specified
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5:23am

5:23 am June 15 2026 NW Champaign, IL

That’s when the sun rises in Urbana, IL at the height of summer. All June and July I got up by 4:15am, so I could be on my bike by 4:40 and ride off into the sunrise.

My Ti-Rush near Ogden, IL at 5:44am July 12 2026. On Sundays at dawn I will ride route 150, a highway too busy and dangerous to take any other time.

Sunrise makes anywhere beautiful. Time-shifting my day was like traveling to some desirable vacation destination, without leaving home. While my sister hiked across the Italian Alps, I gasped aloud with wonder at the beauty of every golden morning in my own county. Every day I saw deer and bunnies, the fall and rise of rivers, the phases of the moon.

The full moon sets behind Homer IL, July 31 2026

Well, half the phases of the moon. Just before dawn the moon is only visible between full and almost-new. The full moon sets as the sun rises, on the opposite side of the sky. Each subsequent day as it wanes, it appears a little closer to the sun. By the time it’s a slivery crescent it’s barely ahead of the sunrise, which quickly renders it invisible. Once it’s new and waxing, it chases the sunrise, when the morning sky is too bright to distinguish it. The following weeks it’s on the other side of the earth at pre-dawn, when I leave the house. Not until it’s full or almost-full do I see it again.

Setting dawn moon south of Urbana IL, July 30 2026

Pre-dawn midsummers are cool, or at least tolerable in severe heat waves, which we had this year. The only thing that kept me from biking was rain, and sometimes not even that. I trespassed a few times when I got caught in storms, taking shelter under whatever farm building overhang I could find.

Trespassing near Fithian, IL. May 20, 2026

Once I trespassed Rosie’s Tavern on Grape Creek near Belgium, not due to rain but sun: I needed to apply sunscreen for a century (100+ mile) ride that would expose me to the brutal rays I avoid on shorter adventures. Caught on the outdoor security cameras, I was soon visited by a man in a truck with a dog asking what I was doing there. I got in no further trouble but cursed my stupid iPhone, which had updated its OS and re-set Strava without my permission, turning on “cellular data” which drained my battery so fast I had to re-charge it after only 38 miles. That’s what I was doing at Rosie’s too, taking advantage of an outdoor electrical outlet.

BUSTED! Rosie’s Tavern security image, May 25 2026 8:29 am.

I had to keep stopping and charging on that ride, lest my phone die and fail to record my hard-earned 109 miles. I had lunch at a sweet little diner, the Covered Bridge in Eugene Indiana, so I could plug it in for 45 minutes. That wasn’t enough for the full ride, so on my way home I returned to Rosie’s, the scene of my crime, where a woman standing outside said, “are you Nina?”

The Covered Bridge diner in Eugene, IN is next to a covered bridge. May 25 2026

How did she know? She had sent the security camera image to her sister, who just happens to be an acquaintance and recognized me and my bike. What are the odds? We chatted about mutual friends, she invited me into the tavern (which is like 100 years old, a pre-Prohibition relic) and gave me delicious coke with ice on the house. We exchanged phone numbers and selfies.

My Calfee Stiletto leaning against Rosie’s Tavern near Belgium IL, May 25 2026

That ride ended with me overheating, followed by my first bout of “exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome.” My Crohn’s disease-weakened digestive system just shut down, causing several days of serious suffering and a vow to never eat diner food on a long ride again. I also vowed to take shorter, more moderate rides instead of two centuries back-to-back, which is what preceded the episode.

Sunrise over a flooded field near Seymour, IL. 5:43am June 25 2026

Thus began my glorious 2 months of pre-dawn excursions, during which I didn’t have to wear any nasty sunscreen. Occasionally I would do a metric century (100 kilometers, about 62 miles), but was careful not to over-exert myself nor overheat. I did gradually increase my efforts until the last week of July, when I rode 351 miles, including my first century since late May.

Easy Racers Fold Rush on the gravely part of the Lincoln Trail near Homer, IL. 6:00am July 22 2026

Then I projectile vomited and embarked on my second episode of exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome, from which I still haven’t recovered. Or maybe it’s something else. Maybe it’s CANCER! I get to worry about that since I have Crohn’s disease. My blood test a few days ago showed no biomarkers for Crohn’s inflammation, so whatever this is isn’t technically a “flare,” despite the same symptoms.

“Digestive Failure,” a self-portrait of July 29 2026

I would be attempting a moderate sunrise ride this very morning were it not raining. Instead, I’m finally writing about my rides, something I think about on my rides but don’t actually do because riding fills me with satisfying endorphins that remove any further need to express myself. I have written and directed masterpieces on my rides that will never come to fruition, nor even planting. I’m full of great ideas that all work themselves out through the pedaling and breathing and smelling the morning air and watching the sky change colors and seeing deer skip across the roads in front of me. At least in the middle of summer. Which has passed. Winter is my time to create, but only because it’s too cold to ride.

4:54am July 7 2026. Urbana, IL.

See you then.

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